Flask-Restful 教程

发表于 更新于 分类于

https://flask-restful.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quickstart.html#full-example

A Minimal API

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from flask import Flask
from flask_restful import Resource, Api

app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)

class HelloWorld(Resource):
    def get(self):
        return {'hello': 'world'}

api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

运行程序：

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$ python api.py
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/
 * Restarting with reloader

测试API：

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$ curl http://127.0.0.1:5000/
{"hello": "world"}

Resourceful Routing

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from flask import Flask, request
from flask_restful import Resource, Api

app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)

todos = {}

class TodoSimple(Resource):
    def get(self, todo_id):
        return {todo_id: todos[todo_id]}

    def put(self, todo_id):
        todos[todo_id] = request.form['data']
        return {todo_id: todos[todo_id]}

api.add_resource(TodoSimple, '/<string:todo_id>')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

测试API：

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$ curl http://localhost:5000/todo1 -d "data=Remember the milk" -X PUT
{"todo1": "Remember the milk"}
$ curl http://localhost:5000/todo1
{"todo1": "Remember the milk"}
$ curl http://localhost:5000/todo2 -d "data=Change my brakepads" -X PUT
{"todo2": "Change my brakepads"}
$ curl http://localhost:5000/todo2
{"todo2": "Change my brakepads"}

指定响应代码：

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class Todo1(Resource):
    def get(self):
        # Default to 200 OK
        return {'task': 'Hello world'}

class Todo2(Resource):
    def get(self):
        # Set the response code to 201
        return {'task': 'Hello world'}, 201

class Todo3(Resource):
    def get(self):
        # Set the response code to 201 and return custom headers
        return {'task': 'Hello world'}, 201, {'Etag': 'some-opaque-string'}

指定多个URL

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api.add_resource(HelloWorld,
    '/',
    '/hello')

Argument Parsing

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from flask_restful import reqparse

parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument('rate', type=int, help='Rate to charge for this resource')
args = parser.parse_args()

完整的例子

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from flask import Flask
from flask_restful import reqparse, abort, Api, Resource

app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)

TODOS = {
    'todo1': {'task': 'build an API'},
    'todo2': {'task': '?????'},
    'todo3': {'task': 'profit!'},
}


def abort_if_todo_doesnt_exist(todo_id):
    if todo_id not in TODOS:
        abort(404, message="Todo {} doesn't exist".format(todo_id))

parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument('task')


# Todo
# shows a single todo item and lets you delete a todo item
class Todo(Resource):
    def get(self, todo_id):
        abort_if_todo_doesnt_exist(todo_id)
        return TODOS[todo_id]

    def delete(self, todo_id):
        abort_if_todo_doesnt_exist(todo_id)
        del TODOS[todo_id]
        return '', 204

    def put(self, todo_id):
        args = parser.parse_args()
        task = {'task': args['task']}
        TODOS[todo_id] = task
        return task, 201


# TodoList
# shows a list of all todos, and lets you POST to add new tasks
class TodoList(Resource):
    def get(self):
        return TODOS

    def post(self):
        args = parser.parse_args()
        todo_id = int(max(TODOS.keys()).lstrip('todo')) + 1
        todo_id = 'todo%i' % todo_id
        TODOS[todo_id] = {'task': args['task']}
        return TODOS[todo_id], 201

##
## Actually setup the Api resource routing here
##
api.add_resource(TodoList, '/todos')
api.add_resource(Todo, '/todos/<todo_id>')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

Example usage

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$ python api.py
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/
 * Restarting with reloader

GET the list

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$ curl http://localhost:5000/todos
{"todo1": {"task": "build an API"}, "todo3": {"task": "profit!"}, "todo2": {"task": "?????"}}

GET a single task

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$ curl http://localhost:5000/todos/todo3
{"task": "profit!"}

DELETE a task

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$ curl http://localhost:5000/todos/todo2 -X DELETE -v

> DELETE /todos/todo2 HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (universal-apple-darwin10.0) libcurl/7.19.7 OpenSSL/0.9.8l zlib/1.2.3
> Host: localhost:5000
> Accept: */*
>
* HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
< HTTP/1.0 204 NO CONTENT
< Content-Type: application/json
< Content-Length: 0
< Server: Werkzeug/0.8.3 Python/2.7.2
< Date: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 22:10:32 GMT

Add a new task

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$ curl http://localhost:5000/todos -d "task=something new" -X POST -v

> POST /todos HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (universal-apple-darwin10.0) libcurl/7.19.7 OpenSSL/0.9.8l zlib/1.2.3
> Host: localhost:5000
> Accept: */*
> Content-Length: 18
> Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
>
* HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
< HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
< Content-Type: application/json
< Content-Length: 25
< Server: Werkzeug/0.8.3 Python/2.7.2
< Date: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 22:12:58 GMT
<
* Closing connection #0
{"task": "something new"}

Update a task

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$ curl http://localhost:5000/todos/todo3 -d "task=something different" -X PUT -v

> PUT /todos/todo3 HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:5000
> Accept: */*
> Content-Length: 20
> Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
>
* HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
< HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
< Content-Type: application/json
< Content-Length: 27
< Server: Werkzeug/0.8.3 Python/2.7.3
< Date: Mon, 01 Oct 2012 22:13:00 GMT
<
* Closing connection #0
{"task": "something different"}